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It is easy to use a weapon and shoot but, do you know the mechanics behind these “damage”? Let’s detail this part of Elite: Dangerous, a guide for beginners and veterans.

If you are interested in this Focus, you will surely be interested in our Fighter guide.

Summary:

• Offensive means
  • Overview
  • Kinetic weapons
  • Thermal weapons
  • Hybrid weapons
  • Explosive weapons
• Defensive means
  • Overview
  • Shields
  • Hull/Armour
• Calculations
• Recap, “didn’t read, t’was too long!”

 

Offensive means

Overview

There are five types of offensive means in Elite: Dangerous representing the various weapon technologies involved. The damage can be of the Kinetic, Thermal or “ballistic-energetic” types, say Hybrids. There are also Explosive weapons and much rarer, Caustic.

For more details on the three types of hardpoints and their mounts (fixed / gimballed / turret), visit our Fighter guide – Weapons.

All weapons have an Armor Penetration value, Damage and / or DPS causing damage depending on whether the target is a shield or hull. You will get the complete list of these values ​​via the Wiki Elite. In-game penetrations values are simply listed “Rated” A, B, C, D, E and F. It is used to counter the Hardness of a ship and cause internal damage and / or more damage to the hull.

Fixed weapons penetrate better than gimballed weapons and turrets, but it all depends on the size (class) of the weapon, its type of armament, its type of damage, the hull / shield target & their values, the hardness of the ship, its resistances … in the end, the damage score is a calculation of different values, bonuses and maluses.

 

Kinetic weapons

Ballistic weapons fire solid ammunition propelled by a powerful detonation in the weapon itself. They generate little heat but have a limited number of ammunition and clips. These weapons are effective against the ships’ hulls.

 

Thermal weapons

Thermal weapons, on the other hand, do not need ammunition because they draw directly from the ship’s power plant to generate a beam of energy between the weapon and a given point. They generate a lot of heat and are very effective against the shields. Depending on their type, they can be interesting against some hulls thanks to increased penetration.

Remember that putting extra energy points in WEP (weapons) will not increase your damage. These points represent the regeneration value of your WEP capacitor, so you can fire more often.

 

Hybrid weapons

Their ammo are propelled at very high speeds towards a point. While requiring a lot of energy to achieve this feat, the hybrid weapons can however inflict very important damage to the vessels without a lot of defenses.

The Railgun and Plasma accelerators are the two current hybrid weapons (not counting their variants). They inflict a mix of ballistic and energy damage established on:

• a 2: 1 ratio with 66.6% kinetic damage and 33.3% thermal damage on a railgun hybrid shot. Its penetration is excellent!
  
• a 1: 1 ratio with 60% absolute damage and 40% thermal damage on a hybrid plasma accelerator shot.

Note that their penetrations are so great that their damage are absolute and ignore ~50% of the target’s resistances. It then applies ~30% thermal damage and ~10% kinetic damage.

 

Explosive weapons

Missiles, torpedoes, mines are useless against the shields (unless modded with experimental effects), however they are very practical against the hulls of the ships in order to create an explosion that will damage simultaneously many external modules, including the weapons and defense systems.
The Explosive are designed to impede the ships by reducing the amount of operational modules.

Return to summary

 

Defensive means

Overview

Shields, shield cells, armour, hull, reinforcements, countermeasures, … are all ways to defend your ship against damage that await you during a space combat.

For more details on countermeasures and defenses, visit our Fighter Guide – Defenses.

All ships have a Hardness value.
This will add defenses to a ship to reduce the attacker’s weapon damage, depending on its Class.
You will find the complete list on the Wiki Elite.

 

Shields

Our energy fields called shields are more or less resistant to damage:

• Kinetic : Shields negates 40% of the damage
  
• Thermal: Shields take 20% more damage
• Explosive: Shields negates 40% of the damage

This is a simple and effective defense. The Railgun have a low % chance of penetrating the shields, especially at short range.

The more pips you put into SYS (system), the more damage you will be able to absorb. It is interesting to equip Shield cells to re-boost your weaken shields and also Shield boosters to improve your max shield value. 4 points to SYS represent about 58% more resistance to damage thanks to your shields.

Read “Focus – The Shield Generator” for even more details. (editing)

 

Hull / Armour

In order to make things simpler, I’ll go back to the Triadius chart which is still valid in 3.0, then compare the other armour to the standard light armour, the one equipped by default.

An Anaconda is targeted with direct attacks on the hull, 300m away. We also use a fixed Class 2 Pulse laser for Thermal damage, as well as a fixed Class 2 Multicannons for Kinetic damage. The % HP of the hull was repaired between each of the tests. The explosive and hybrid types weren’t tested, but you can deduce it by checking your resistances stats via your right hand panel, in your cockpit.

By shooting at the Anaconda for a given time and testing out the different armours, they were able to create the following values representing the % of hull destroyed during this given period of time:

• Light
  • Kinetic: 31%
  • Thermal: 19%
• Reinforced
  
  • Kinetic: 24% //29% more efficient than the Light
  • Thermal: 19% // As efficient than the Light
• Military
  • Kinetic: 20% // 55% more efficient than the Light
  • Thermal: 13% // 46% more efficient than the Light
• Reactive
  • Kinetic: 12% // 158% more efficient than the Light
  • Thermal: 22% // 16% less efficient than the Light
• Mirrored
  • Kinetic: 25% // 24% more efficient than the Light
  • Thermal: 8% // 137.5% more efficient than the Light

In order to compare the armourr between them, do the following calculation: [Comparison Value] / [Compared Value] and you get a result. 1.24 is 24%, 2.10 is 110%, 3.25 is 225%, and so on … if the result is 0.86, invert both values and put it in negative (19/22 = 0.86 → 22/19 = 1.157 ) to get -16% rounded.

Compared to the Military grade armour

• The Reactive armour is 66% more efficient (kinetic) and 69% less efficient (thermal)
• The Mirrored armour is 25% less efficient (kinetic) and 62.5% more efficient (thermal)

However, it should be noted that a Reactive Armour modded with Thermal Block is currently the best armour in-game in order to obtain a big hull gain while having enormous resistances to each types of damage.

To conclude:

Most NPCs and players use a mix of kinetic and thermal weapons. Therefore:

• Military armour is to equip if you do not know your enemy, standard, the best armor.
• Reactive armour is to be equipped if you know that your enemy is using kinetic weapons strictly. Best in slot if you can mod it Thermal Block.
• Mirrored armour is to be equipped if you know that your enemy uses thermal weapons strictly.
• The Light armour is to equip if you are a trader, an explorer, to jump quickly and far.
• Reinforced alloy armour is to be avoided because its weight / bonus are not very effective.

Also note that the more damaged your ship is, the more likely the attacker will have a high chance of penetrating your armor.

Return to summary

 

Calculations

Consider an attacker and a target without shields. We know that small weapons suffer a malus when attacking large ships (high hardness). But how much this penalty is? What is considered a large ship? As described above, APF (Penetration) and HFV (Hardness) should be considered to determine how much damage a weapon will inflict on a given ship.

• If the penetration of a weapon is greater than or equal to the hardness value of a ship, then the weapon deals 100% of its damage.
• If the penetration of a weapon is less than the hardness value of a ship, then the weapon deals damage calculated as below:

[Damage] = [Penetration] / ([Hardness] * [Unique shot damage])

Thanks to the few data annotated above and this formula, one concludes that:

• From 20 to 34 Hardness on the target, the attacker’s small C1 pulsed laser will do reduced damage against the target.
• From 35 to 49 Hardness on the target, the attacker’s small / medium pulsed C1 / C2 laser will do reduced damage against the target at different scales.
• Above 50 Hardness on the target, the attacker’s small / medium / large C1 / C2 / C3 pulse laser will do reduced damage against the target at different scales.

We can also deduced that some ships, such as the Asp and its hardness value of 51 for example, are very resistant to small weapons C1 while it is a ship of reasonable size. A small C1 pulse laser will do about 40% of its damage while a C2 medium will do about 68% of its damage. It would be advised to use a C3 large Pulse laser in order to make ~100% damage of the weapon.

Be careful, the hull reinforcements and the hulls themselves do not increase this hardness value. They increase the armour, the hull of the ship and thus: “its total of life points” and does not modify in any case to its internal structure of Hardness. The latter is a fixed value given to each ships.

This damage is calculated before taking into account the types of hulls and their resistances to different types of weapons.

1) The first step is to check the damage done by the defenses of armor and shields.

2) There is then a second step on damage reduction, used only for the hull: the Hardness. Each armour has a hardness score and each weapon has a penetration value. All damage is multiplied by: Min (1.0, Penetration / Hardness)
As a result, a small pulse laser (20) would do full damage to a Sidewinder (20 as well), but less than 1/3 damage to an Anaconda (65).

3) It then decides if the shot has penetrated the armour. There is a random chance to penetrate depending on the current hull of the attacked ship. The exact score varies depending on the ship and the weapon used but say it could be 40% chance when the ship has 100% hull, and 80% near death. If the die roll of the penetration misses, all damage is done to the shell and not to the module, go to step 8.

4) All ships have a rendering of internal and external modules. Here, the Imperial Courier for example.

Return to summary

 

Recap “didn’t read, t’was too long!”

Point by point the crucial information for this Focus:

• The more your vessel loses % hull (life), the more likely it is that shots will penetrate and damage its internal modules;
• When one of your modules is hit, 80% of the damage received goes to this module while 20% applies to the hull, your “life”. Generally there is a 40% chance that a direct shot will hit our internal modules at 100% life and 60% chance at 50% of life. The percentage increasing up to 80% each 1% of life;
• Hardness represents the resistance of the internal structure of a vessel. All ships have a fixed value of hardness;
• The greater the Hardness of a ship, the weaker the classes of weapons will be ineffective;
• The hulls and hull reinforcements of your ship only increase the % of “life” of your ship. The more armour you have, the more life you will get;
• Military armour is the easiest to equip, but the best armour to mod is the Reactive one with Thermal mod;
• The collision damage between ships takes into account the hardness of a ship, its total armour AND above all: its mass (in tons);
• Shields are much more resilient when you put your energy points in SYS. 58% stronger with 4 points in SYS;
• Kinetic weapons are effective on hulls while thermal weapons are effective against shields;
• Plasma accelerators are as effective on the hulls as on the shields;
• Railgun are more effective against hulls and internal modules than on shields, even if they inflict heavy damage. The latter easily penetrates a target and is therefore effective to destroy the internal modules.

Return to summary

 

Any question? I’d be happy to discuss with you! ?